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One of the greatest feats of Alexander the Great was the conquest of Tyre (southern Beirut, Lebanon) after six months of violent assault. But all the credit was great strategist and his troops? A study by the European Centre for Research and Teaching of Environmental Geosciences in Aix-en-Provence (PNAS), besides the work of Alejandro engineers who built a one kilometer causeway linking the Phoenician coast territory to ancient island of Tyre, the forces of Nature took his side to allow you to take the city.

In 332 BC, Tyre was a Phoenician city-state's most important. It had about 40,000 inhabitants, who based part of its economic prosperity in the enviable position geographical island, with two fortified ports located off the coast and surrounded by a giant wall of about 45 meters high. Some elements that led to Alexander's troops to fight alongside the walls almost seven months before continuing their advance eastward in search of the Persian Darius III Codomano.

The scientists, led by Dr. Nick Marriner, analyzed the records of coastal sediments of the past 10,000 years to find out how Alexander's engineers exploited a natural sand bridge, which was generated by large waves remains of sediments and low force to form a permanent link with the mainland. According to the authors, makes between 8,000 and 6,000 years ago there were shallow marine environments of the six miles that separated the island from the mainland. It was then when a slowing sea level rise postglaciar and dispersion of wave energy in Tyre led to a natural growth of a sandbar that connected the island to the coast. Only the use of these natural sublittoral isthmus, used by the Alexandrian troops to build an artificial bridge, allowed to break the defenses of the island.

But what really was the siege of Tyre? The siege of Tyre is one of the great chapters of the campaign of Alexander in Asia and which can be seen tireless visionary character of Macedonian. The ancient city was conquered in 373 BC by the Babylonians, but the troops of King Nebuchadnezzar could not handle the small island, which was fortified more and more until it became almost invincible. Thirteen years passed before the Babylonians left the ancient city of Tyre and forty for the island could be conquered.

it advanced to the East in 332 BC, Alexander the Great, conscious of its strength after the military parade which saw the conquest of Sidon, Tyre set out to conquer and offer a sacrifice at the Temple of Melkart-Hercules. Alejandro underestimated the strength and pride of Tyre. Making a direct attack was impossible due to strength of the island so that Alexander the Great gathered his group of architects, Larissa Diades to the head, and entrusted the construction of the largest known siege engines while a spring that was created was to cover the distance Phoenician release separating the island of Tyre. War machines are mounted on platforms supported by several triremes had catapults batteries with torsion springs that were capable of firing huge rocks horizontally, and on top Ballistae throwing stones and incendiary projectiles parabolic sense. At the top had stairs that would be deployed to make the towers. After

increase its navy with 300 ships and neutralize Sidonian Tyrian fleet, Alexander began the siege of the city. Began the attack with the help of boats and floating war machines for the weaker party (Melkart Island, south), thus making a hole in the wall. After three days of storm, Admetus and Coen commanded the second attack and made it through the walls, however, the defense continued and Alexander made the final attack, taking first the palace and then the rest of the island.

During the attack, the city was devastated and nearly 8,000 died Tyre, of which 2,000 were crucified and hung from the top of the walls. It also killed about 400 men Alexander the Great. The rest of Tyre were captured and sold into slavery, sparing only those who took refuge in the temple. Finally, on the ruins of the island, Alexander offered a sacrifice to Hercules Melkart, which took place after the parades and festivals.

With this victory Alexander the Great was able to secure the conquest of the entire east coast, preventing the Persians attacked Greece at any time and obtaining a reliable supply for his army in its relentless advance toward the Persian Empire.